Lifting Limits

There is a growing body of evidence that points to the limiting impact that gendered stereotypes have on children's aspirations, subject choices and behaviours.

By working with educators and carers, we can create a future where every child is free to make their own path in life, unconstrained by the limiting effects of gender stereotyping on their choices and aspirations.
 

Curriculum
Men have historically dominated many fields and this is reflected in who is taught across curriculum subjects.  Even where schools do make efforts to include notable women in given fields, taken as a whole – across subjects and across year groups – men (and predominantly white men) still dominate, sending powerful messages to children. These examples below of explorers, inventors, artists or composers are those commonly taught in the primary curriculum, and are predominantly male – the female names are in orange.

Books
Whilst many schools make an effort to source books which model equality and diversity, as a whole, books in schools still reflect the mainstream book market which remains gendered in how it presents and markets children’s books. A review of the top 100 children’s picture books published in 2018 found a child is 1.6 times more likely to read a picture book with a male rather than a female lead, and seven times more likely to read a story that has a male villain in it than a female baddie. Male characters outnumbered female characters in more than half the books, while females outnumber males less than a fifth of the time.

Literature shouldn’t be gendered.

School practices
Gender stereotypes are sometimes hidden in school routines and practices.  Are girls assumed to be more helpful and asked to help tidy up? Are boys assumed to be stronger and asked to move furniture? Are policies on uniform, jewellery and make-up applied equally to all? Are boys and girls asked to line up separately, or do seating plans assume girls and boys never like to sit together or talk to each other?

Language
Language can be a very powerful tool in challenging – or reinforcing – gender stereotypes. Whilst a zero-tolerance approach is rightly taken to racist or homophobic language in schools, what is considered ‘low level’ sexist language or ‘banter’ is often tolerated in a way that overlooks the profound effects it can have.

Language that pupils hear around school, whether it’s from teachers, other staff, visitors or their own peers, can unintentionally reinforce gender stereotypes. Do adults address boys as ‘mate’ and girls as ‘sweetie’?, use phrases such as ‘we need a strong man to open that’ or make assumptions about professions and roles – ‘I went to the doctor’ – ‘what did he say?’ or ‘make sure you ask Mummy to sign the form’. Even without sexist intent, language can perpetuate harmful ideas about what it means to be  ‘normal’ as a girl or a boy, and can reinforce that being a boy or a girl is the most important thing about them.

In school a teacher told me to 'man up' when someone was bullying me.

Pressure to conform to stereotypes
Many children can see the limiting effects of stereotypes, yet they are hard to resist when a child wants to fit in with their peers. It is not enough for children to be told they can do anything or that sexist language is wrong – crucially they also need to see those messages reflected in staff attitudes, what they learn and their experience of the school environment.

Gendered stereotypes are bad for everyone – as individuals and as a society – and their effects take hold from a young age.

Children grow up bombarded by gender stereotypes in books, the media and marketing which perpetuate a world in which boys are strong protectors and adventurers and girls are nurturing and thoughtful and decorative. Colour schemes, toys, books, media, clothes, even family compliments – they all tell children there’s a right way to be a boy or a girl and that, to fit in, they should wear, play with, like and even study different things.  Girls and boys, feminine and masculine, are set up as ‘opposites’ and gender painted as a binary with little room for expression outside of the pink-blue divide.